Thursday, May 28, 2009

salar jung museum


A visit to the Salar Jung Museum in Hyderabad is indeed a very enriching experience. You are sure to be startled at the amazing collection of art and artifacts. The fact that the Salar Jung Museum in Hyderabad is visited by more than a million visitors each year speaks volumes about its popularity as a tourist attraction.
The Salar Jung Museum in Hyderabad is believed to be the result of the initiative taken by a single man. Nawab Mir Yusuf Ali Khan, popularly known as Salar Jung III was an art lover and is regarded as the chief architect of this conglomeration. In fact the collection in this Andhra Pradesh museum is the largest one man collection in the world.
Inaugurated on 16th December 1951 by Jawaharlal Nehru, the Salar Jung Museum in Hyderabad was originally housed in the Dewan Devdi palace. Later in the year 1968, the museum was shifted to a new site. During the colonial rule, a large chunk of the vast treasure of Indian art was shifted to other countries. But on account of the efforts taken by Salar Jung III, a part of it could be retrieved.
There are 19 galleries in the ground floor and 16 galleries in the first floor of this museum. The galleries have an enormous collection and it is near impossible to cover the entire Salar Jung Museum in Hyderabad in one visit. This museum of Andhra Pradesh contains specimens of Indian, Middle Eastern, Far Eastern and European art. There is a special section for children. Book lovers also like frequenting the Salar Jung Museum in Hyderabad because there is a rich reference library as well as a reading room in the museum. Rare Arabic, Urdu and Persian manuscripts are also to be found in the Salar Jung Museum in Hyderabad.
The exquisite sculptures, the ivory chairs presented by Louis XV of France to Tipu Sultan, the enamoring oil paintings by Italian artistes, the potteries from Germany and France, the glassware from various European countries, the Persian carpets, the Japanese lacquer ware are just a few instances of the priceless collection of this museum.
The chief attractions of the Salar Jung Museum in Hyderabad are the marble statue of veiled Rebecca by the Italian genius GB Benzoni and the 19th century musical clock from England where a soldier strikes a gong to indicate the hour of the day.
The Salar Jung Museum in Hyderabad remains open from 10’o clock in the morning to 5’o clock in the evening on all days except Fridays and notified public holidays.

horsely hills


Introduction to the Horseley Hills in Andhra Pradesh:Horseley Hills is one of the prestigious Tourist locales in Andhra Pradesh. It offers relief from the humdrum of daily lives to the visitors by its rare and exquisite beauty. The magnificent scene of the Horseley Hills is soothing to the eye and relaxing to the mind. The name Horseley comes from the renowned collector named W.D Horseley who used to stay in this region. Horseley Hills had been his summer residence
Description of the Horseley Hills in Andhra Pradesh:The verdant Eucalyptus lines up the way to the Horseley Hills; the natural beauty of this Hill Station is beyond compare. The sweet fragrances of the Sampagni Flower entertain visitors all along their way to Horseley Hills. This region is mostly inhabited by the Chenchu Tribes. They rear Pungannur Cows for their high milk yielding capacity and milk yielded by these cows are beneficial for their high protein content.

golkonda fort


IntroductionLocated about 11 kilometers from Hyderabad, the Golconda Fort is one of the most magnificent forts of India. This ruined fortress has a glorious history which dates back to the 12th century.
History of Golconda FortIt is believed that the construction of the fort began in 1143 during the reign of the Kakatiya Dynasty. The history of the place saw many changes and the Kakatiya rule was taken over by the Warangal and later by the Bahmani Sultanate. After the decline of the Bahmani dynasty, with the coming of the Qutub Shahi kings in 1507, the Golconda Fort gained immense importance.
Originally a mud fort, the Shahi kings expanded the fort and renovated into impressive granite structure measuring about 5 kilometers in circumference. Until 1590, it remained the capital of the Shahi dynasty.
The fortress later fell into the hands of the Aurangzeb in 1687 after the kingdom was taken over by the Mughal forces.
Description of Golconda FortThe Golconda Fort is built on a granite hill, which is about 120 meters high. Comprising four walls, 87 semi-circular citadels, 8 gateways, 4 bridges and numerous halls, temples, palaces and mosques, the Golconda Fort is a well-known tourist destination. The entrance of the Golconda Fort is through the Fateh Darwaza or the Victory Gate.

borra caves

About 90 kilometers from Visakhapatnam, the Borra Caves are the second largest natural caves in the Indian subcontinent. Stretching over the Eastern Ghats the caves occupy an area of 2 square kilometers.
Located at a height of 1400 feet, the Borra Caves are popular tourist sites in Andhra Pradesh. The history of the Borra Caves dates back to more than one million years.
The Borra Caves are limestone caves which were formed by the Gosthani River. The region was an area of limestone deposits. The limestone eroded by the river deposited in the region which after many years became the Borra Caves.

beaches in andhra

Introduction to the Bheemunipatnam Beach in Andhra Pradesh: Bheemunipatnam Beach is one of the most exquisite tourist locales at Andhra Pradesh and is often traveled by the tourists. It offers a calm and serene atmosphere for them and also ensures full fledged entertainment for the visitors.
Hemmed by the verdant coconut plantations on one side the golden sand dunes of the sea beaches reckon its glorious past. The Dutch settlements and consequent enrichment of the beach often surfaces as a flashback. This is because of the abundant Forts and cemeteries of the Dutch that fills the Bheemunipatnam Beach region
Description of the Bheemunipatnam Beach: The Bheemunipatnam Beach is located 24 kilometers from the main city of Vishakhapatnam. River Gosthani lies in the Bheemunipatnam Beach region. It is a medium sized east flowing river that originates on the Ananthagiri Hills of the Western Ghats. At the place of its origin the Borra Caves are located.
In 1963 the Thatipudi Reservoir Project had been constructed over the Gosthani River. It provides drinking water to the main city of Vishakhapatnam. The river meets the sea (Bay of Bengal) at Bheemanipatnam. On the way to Bheemunipatnam Beach the Erramattidibbalu lures the tourists.
This is a kind of red sand that lies on the beaches of the Gosthani River. The town on its banks is filled with numerous pilgrim centers, old churches and temples which offer a soothing sight for the visitors at Bheemunipatnam Beach. The clock tower, light house and the port adds to the charm of the place

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Monday, May 25, 2009

West Godavari District




West Godavari District is one of the 23 districts of Andhra Pradesh, India. Eluru, is the district headquarter. The district had a population of 3,803,517 of which 9.74% were urban as of 2001.
Other important places in the district are Akividu, Achanta, Bhimavaram, Narsapur, Palakollu, Kovvur, Nidadavole, Tallapudi, Tanuku, Tadepalligudem, Jangareddigudem and Koyyalagudem.
The district is in the delta region of the Krishna and Godavari rivers. Khammam District lies to the north, East Godavari District to the east, the Bay of Bengal to the south, and Krishna District to the west.

nizamabad


Nizamabad pronunciation (help·info) (Telugu: నిజామాబాదు) is a city and a municipal corporation in Nizamabad District in the state of Andhra Pradesh, India. It is the headquarters of the district. It has a population of 366,956 agglomeration (390,325 per 2006 census). Nizamabad is the 10th largest city, in the state of Andhra Pradesh. Nizamabad Town is one of 36 mandals in the Nizamabad district.
Nizamabad was formerly known as Induru and Indrapuri. It was ruled by the king Indra Vallabha Panthya Varsha Indra Som, of the Rashtrakuta Dynasty, in the 8th century, and took its name from him. In 1905 the railway line between Secundrabad and Manmad was constructed. The railway station was named after then ruler of the Nizam state Nizam-ul-Mulk as Nizamabad. The railway line connects Hyderabad and Mumbai. It is like North-South corridor. Has the distance of 161 km (100 mi) from Hyderabad and 640 km (400 mi) from Mumbai.
The Nizam Sagar dam was constructed in the year 1923 across the Manjira River at the village of (Achampeta) Achampet. It irrigates 250,000 acres (1,000 km2; 390 sq mi) of land in Nizamabad district.
Nizamabad is in the north of Andhra Pradesh in the district of Nizamabad. It has many towns like Bodhan, Armuru, Kamareddy and Bainswada, In Bhodan town there is Nizam Sugar Factory. In early years it was the biggest in the Asian continent. Bodhan is a town with a mixture of people from many cultural and religious backgrounds, comprising primarily of Hindus and Muslims as well as Christians and other religious communities. Once it was the capital at the time of the Rashtrakuta Dynasty.
Recently, Telangana University was established at Nizamabad, which serves the three districts of Adilabad, Medak and Nizamabad.

krishna district


Krishna District is a district of India's Andhra Pradesh state. It is named after the Krishna River which flows through the district. It has a population of 4,187,841 of which 32.08% is urban as of 2001.
Machilipatnam is the administrative headquarters of the district. Vijayawada is the commercial center of the district. The district is bounded by Khammam District to the north-west, West Godavari District to the north-east, the Bay of Bengal to the south-east, Guntur District to the southwest, and Nalgonda District to the west.
Krishna district is well known for its pre-university educational centers.

khammam


Khammam District is a district in Andhra Pradesh, India. It had a population of 2,565,412[1] of which 19.81% were urban as of 2001 census. Khammam town is the district headquarters. The present name of Khammam is said to have been derived from the name of the temple 'Narsimhadri', later 'Stamba Sikhari' and then it was termed as 'Stambhadri'[citation needed]. The name of the town Khammam seems to have been derived from the name of this hill of Kamba and the town was named as Khammam Mettu which was later renamed as Khammam.

medak


Medak District (Telugu: మెదక్ జిల్లా) is located in the state of Andhra Pradesh, India. Sangareddi is the district headquarters of Medak. The district had a population of 2,670,097 of which 14.36% were urban as of 2001,Other big towns in the Medak district include Medak, Siddipet, Narsapur, Ramayampet, Gajwel, Narayankhed, Zaheerabad and Gummadidala. IIT Hyderabad is also located in this district.
Medak district is adorned by many temples depicting fine architectural splendours. They are located in the Bonthapally (Veerabhadra Swamy Temple, located at 25 km to the north of Hyderabad), Ismailkhanpet near to Sangareddy (Sapta Prakarauta Bhavani Mata Temple, located at 35 km to the Hyderabad), Zarasangam, Edupailu (Kanakadurga Temple, 8 km from Medak town, on the banks of Manjira river), Nachagiri temples (Lakshmi Narasimha Swamy Temple, 55 km from Hyderabad), Siddipet (Koti Ligeshwara Swamy Temple)and Chegunta Sri Kalyana Venkateshwara Swami Devasthaanam, Vasavi Kanyaka Parameshwari Ammavari Devalayam, Swayam Bhoo Mahakali Devasthaanam, Anjaneya Swami devalayam to name a few.sri sri chamundeshwari ammawari temple at chitkula village of andhole mandal,nearer to the jogipeta town. on the banks of manjira is also a famous shakti temple which is founded by sri ramanayya garu.The joginatha temple at jogipet & surya devalayam at dakur village are also equally important places in the district.and other one is kowdipally mandal tuniki village in this village is the famous tempal is nalla pochamma.from hyd to 60 km only.

nalgonda


Towns in the district include Nalgonda, Suryapet, Kodada, Miryalguda, Kattangur, Bhongir, Bhoodhan Pochampally, Aleru, Narkatpalli, Huzurnagar, Devarakonda, Yadagirigutta, Rajapet, Mothkur, Kapugallu and Nakrekal, Kanegal.
The rivers Krishna, Musi River, Aleru, Peddavagu, Dindi and Paleru flow through the Nalgonda district.
There are 2 major irrigation projects in Nalgonda:
Nagarjuna Sagar and
the Alimineti Madhava Reddy Project (previously known as the Srisailam Left Bank Canal)
The minor irrigation projects in the district are:
Moosi Reservoir
Dindi Reservoir
Pulichintala project under construction
Dirshanapally Mdl Noothankal
Mukundapuram mdl nereducherla.
Yadagirigutta
Main Article: Yadagirigutta
The town acquired its name and fame from a sage called Yadarishi, son of the great sage Rishyasrunga who did penance inside a cave with the blessings of Anjaneya on this hill between Bhongir and Raigiri in Nalgonda district. Pleased with his deep devotion, Lord Narasimha (an incarnation of Lord Vishnu) appeared before him in five different forms as Jwala, Yogananda, Gandabherunda, Ugra and Lakshminarasimha. They later manifested themselves into finely sculpted forms that later came to be worshipped as Panchanarasimha Kshetram. As the legend goes, the Lord appeared first as Jwala Narasimha (Lord as a flame); when Yadarishi was unable to face the intensity of this apparition, he appeared in a peaceful form as Yoganarasimha (Lord in a Yogic Padmasana posture with open palms on the knees). Not satisfied with the Lord appearing alone, Yadarishi sought to see him with his consort, so he is said to have appeared with Lakshmi on his lap, known as Lakshmi Narasimha Swamy, and being worshipped by Alwars, his ardent devotees.
To see these three forms one has to go through an entrance that narrows itself into a dark cave (which in fact is surmised as the urga (fiery) form of Narasimha (the fourth form) because it was beyond the strength of a sage to see that form) and gandabherunda ( the garuda pakshi or the eagle) is the fifth form of the Lord which is said to have been found sculpted in rock underneath the Anjaneya, known as 'Kshetrapalaka' (or the one who ruled over that hill). All these forms are known as " swayambhu" or self emanated. Yadarishi is said to have been granted his wish that the place where the Lord appeared will be known by his name as Yadagiri (giri means hill in Sanskrit, and gutta which means a hillock in Telugu seems to have been a latter-day suffix) and that Lord Lakshmi Narasimha will be worshipped for many years to come.
Releted reference research work of M.Phil complited on PILGRIM TOURIST CENTER - YADAGIRIGUTTA IN NALGONDA DISTRICT-A Study done by Mr.Gollapudi.Jayaram Ancient Indian History Cultural & Archaeology Ousmania university -Hyderabad.

vizianagaram district


Vizianagaram district also known as Vijayanagaram district is one of the northern coastal districts of Andhra Pradesh, India. Vizianagaram town is the district headquarters. The district is bounded on the east by Srikakulam district, on the southwest by Visakhapatnam district, on the southeast by the Bay of Bengal, and on the northwest by Orissa State.
Vizianagaram district was formed on 1 June 1979, with some parts carved from the neighbouring districts of Srikakulam and Visakhapatnam. The district is named after the princely state of Vizianagaram (Vizia means victory and Nagaram means city in Telugu).

The history of Vizianagaram district is with Kalinga dynasty. In modern times, the upper part of Kalinga was gradually merged into Orissa state and the lower part into Andhra Pradesh. The Kalinga empire extended from Cuttack in Orissa to Pithapuram in East Godavari district as far back as the 4th century B.C. The Nandas ruled the area between 467 B.C. and 336 B.C. They were followed by the Mauryas, the Chedis, the Satavahanas, the Pitribhaktas, the Matharas, the Vasishthas, the Vishnukundinas, the early Eastern Gangas, the Eastern Chalukyas of Vengi, the late Eastern Gangas, the Reddis of Rajahmundry and the Velanati Cholas till the Kakatiyas appeared by 1210 A.D.
Recorded evidence show that some local dynasties like the Rapatri Chiefs and the Gangas of Narayanapura (situated near Balijipeta), the Gangas of Jantarunadu (the track now known as Srungavarapukota), ruled over parts of the district from the 12th to 15th century.
The Kakatiya rulers under Ganapatideva defeated the Velanati Chola Chief, Prithvisvara who was ruling over the territory in 1210 A.D. The territory was recovered by the Eastern Gangas during the reign of Ananga Bhima III. The Gajapatis of Orissa then came to rule the territory after overthrowing the Eastern Gangas in 1443 A.D. The rule of the Gajapatis lasted for about 140 years till the Qutb Shahis conquered the territory around 1574 A.D. Consequent on the occupation of Golconda by the Mughals in 1687 A.D., the area came under the control of Mughals. When the Viceroy of the Mughals in Deccan, Nizam-ul-Mulk Asaf Jah declared independence in 1724 A.D., the area came under the rule of the Asaf Jahis.

Office of the District Collector
In the war of succession after Nizam-ul-Mulk Asaf Jah died, Salabat Jung who came to power with the backing of the French General Marquis de Bussy, rewarded the French by ceding four Circars including the Chicacole Circar in 1753. An important event in the history of the district which occurred by about this time is the war between the Rajas of Vizianagaram and Bobbili, popularly known as Bobbili Yuddam. The war was fought between the Rajah of Vizianagaram aided by the French General Bussy and the Rajah of Bobbili on the 24th January 1757.
Another important event in the history of the district is the war between the French and English fought at Chandurthi in 1758, in which the French were defeated and the Northern Circars were made over to the British under a firmana from the Mughal emperor Shah Alam in 1765 which were placed under the then existing Chief and Council at Vizagapatam. In 1794, the Chiefs and Councils were abolished and Vizagapatam was arranged into three divisions each under a collector. Almost the entire area of the present area of Vizianagaram district fell under the second division. However the three divisions were merged and a collectorate for the whole district was established in 1803 after the introduction of the permanent settlement in the area.
The history of the rebellions against the British rule goes back to 1830s when the people of the district particularly the tribals unable to bear the oppression, rose in frequent rebellions (fituris) leading to the establishment of separate administrative system known as "Agency Administration" under the India Act XXIV of 1839. The rebellion of Korra Mallaiah, a tribal chief of the Salur area against the British rule in 1900 is another important event. The district magistrate dispatched Reserve Police to suppress the revolt, which was seriously resisted by the people. In the skirmish that followed many were killed. Korra Mallaiah along with son was arrested and kept in Jail where he died subsequently. Subsequently in the Indian freedom movement, the people hailing from this area enthusiastically took part in various phases like non-cooperative movement, civil disobedience movement, Quit India Movement etc.,
After abolition of the Zamindaris in 1948, Visakhapatnam district was found to be unwieldy for administrative purposes. Consequently, Srikakulam district was carved out in 1950 bifurcating it from Visakhapatnam district.
Vizianagaram district was formed on 1 June 1979, as per G.O.Ms.No.700/Revenue (U) Department, dated 15 May 1979 with some parts carved from the neighbouring districts of Srikakulam and Visakhapatnam. The Taluks of Vizianagaram, Gajapathinagaram, Srungavarapukota and a portion of Bheemunipatnam Taluk were transferred from the Visakhapatnam District. The Salur, Bobbili, Parvathipuram and Cheepurupalli Taluks from Srikakulam district were transferred to the new district.

srikakulam


Srikakulam District formerly known as Chicacole, is the northern most district of Andhra Pradesh, India.
Srikakulam District is the extreme Northeastern District of Andhra Pradesh situated within the geographic co-ordinates of 18°-20’ and 19°-10’ of Northern latitude and 83°-50’ and 84°-50’ of Eastern longitude. The District is skirted to a distance by Kandivalasagedda, Vamsadhara and Bahuda at certain stretches of their courses white a line of heights of the great Eastern Ghats run from North East. Vizianagaram District flanks in the south and west while Orissa bounds it on the north and Bay of Bengal on the East .The total area of the District is 5837 Sq. Km. It has a population of 2537593 persons according to the 2001 census. The District derived its name from Srikakulam its headquarters town. Srikakulam District was carved out in 1950 by bifurcating it from Visakhapatnam District, it remained unaffected in its territorial jurisdiction for quite some time. But in November, 1969 the District lost 63 Villages from Saluru Taluk and 44 Villages from Bobbili Taluk on account of their transfer to the then newly constituted Gajapathinagaram Taluk of Visakhapatnam District. Again in May, 1979, the District had undergone major territorial changes on account of the formation of new District with head quarters at Vizianagaram which involved transfer of Salur, Bobbili, Parvathipuram and Cheepurupalli Taluks to the new District.
The District capital is Srikakulam, a municipality and mandal headquarters of Srikakulam mandal. Srikakulam formly known as Poor Man's ooty.

kuchipudi


Kuchipudi is a Classical Indian dance form from Andhra Pradesh, a state of South India. Kuchipudi is the name of a small village in the Divi Taluq of Krishna district that borders the Bay of Bengal and with resident Brahmins practising this traditional dance form, it acquired the present name.
With the dance form attaining perfection by the time of Golconda king Abdul Hassan Tanesha, Kuchipudi brahmins are said to have received 600 acres (2.4 km²) of land as an endowment from Tanesha for the great presentation before him.
Siddhendra Yogi is said to be the first scholar to give it the current form of dance drama. Bhamakalapam is one of his celebrated compositions. He also reserved the art to males by teaching it to young brahmin boys of the village. However, in modern times, the art has been dominated by women.
The performance usually begins with some stage rites, after which each of the character comes on to the stage and introduces him/herself with a daru (a small composition of both song and dance) to introduce the identity, set the mood, of the character in the drama. The drama then begins. The dance is accompanied by song which is typically Carnatic music. The singer is accompanied by mridangam (a classical South Indian percussion instrument), violin, flute and the tambura (a drone instrument with strings which are plucked). Ornaments worn by the artists are generally made of a light weight wood called Boorugu.
Some of the well known people in this tradition are Dr. Vempati Chinna Satyam,Guru Jayarama Rao and Vanashree Rao Vedantam Lakshminarayana, Dr. Uma Rama Rao, Tadepalli Perayya, Chinta Krishna Murthy, Vedantam Sathya Narayana Sarma, Sobha Naidu, Pasumarthi Venu Gopala Krishna Sarma, Raja Reddy and Radha Reddy swagath kuchipiudi, Mahamkali Surya Narayana Sarma, Dr. Yashoda Thakore, Sarala Kumari Ghanta, Libin Kadackal Philip, Yamini Reddy.
The prominence of Kuchipudi dance form is not limited to India alone. There are now a number of popular Kuchipudi teachers, choreographers and dancers in North America and Australia. Most prominent include Indira Sreeram Dixit in Princeton, New Jersey; Sumithira Anand in MA, Nilimma Devi [3], Sasikala Penumarthi and Revathi Komanduri in Atlanta, Kamala Reddy in Pittsburgh, Ratna Papa in Texas, Shoba Natarajan in Chicago, Jyothi Lakkaraju , Vaidehi Yellai, Himabindu Challa, and Madhuri Kishore in the San Francisco Bay Area, Sandhya Sree Atmakuri in Detroit, Jayasree Kottapalli in Princeton, Divya Yeluri, Chandrika Ramprasad Yamijala; in New York/New Jersey, Mallika Ramaprasad, Subha Maruvada, Mrinalini Sadananda, Lakshmi Babu, Anuradha Nehru in Maryland/Virginia/DC, Prafulla Velury in Rhode Island, and in Sydney, Australia Vimala Sarma.

andhra pradesh

Andhra Pradesh abbreviated A.P.,is a state situated on eastern coast of India. It is India's fourth largest state by area and fifth largest by population. Its capital and largest city is Hyderabad. The State has the longest coastline (972 km) among all the States in India.
Andhra Pradesh lies between 12°41' and 22°N latitude and 77° and 84°40'E longitude, and is bordered by Maharashtra, Chhattisgarh and Orissa in the north, the Bay of Bengal in the East, Tamil Nadu to the south and Karnataka to the west. Andhra Pradesh is historically called the "Rice Bowl of India". It is currently the second largest producer of rice in India after West Bengal. Two major rivers, the Godavari and the Krishna run across the state. The small enclave (12 sq mi (30 km²)) of the Yanam district of Pondicherry state lies in the Godavari Delta in north-east of the state.
Historically the region comprising the state was known as Andhraapatha, Andhradesa, Andhraavani, and Andhra vishaya.[3] Andhra Pradesh was formed from Andhra State on 1 November 1956.

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Sunday, May 24, 2009

bhadrachalam


A famous pilgrim shrine, the abode of Lord Rama, situated at the bank of holy river Godavari. A divisional head quarters and also a border place to Chattishghar and Orissa states. This piligrim town is having Rail and Road facilities, 120 Kms to district head quarters,Khammam. And 325 Kms from the state head quarters, Hyderabad (Andhra Pradesh in South India). Nearest Railway station is at Kothagudem (Bhadrachalam - Road station ), 40 Kms from this piligrim town, and nearest Air link is at Rajahmundry (Domestic), Hyderabad Begumpet (International Airport )..It is fascinating to look at India and its small towns, which combine the age-old traditions of India and also the modern manufacturing and way of life into the landscape. One such town is Bhadrachalam is located in Khammam District, Andhra Pradesh at a distance of over 300 KM slightly northeast of Hyderabad. A famous pilgrimage shrine, the abode of Lord Rama, situated at the bank of holy river Godavari, and also the home of ITC PSPD which is one of the premier paper manufacturers in the world, while retaining the charm of a rural Indian town. Combining high technology and modern facilities with stable employment, and retaining the religious and holy nature of the age-old practices makes Bhadrachalam a great place to visit.

mahboob nagar


Mahabunagar is southern district of Hyderabad state under Nizam and bordered with River Krishna in the south and surrounded by the Nalgonda, Hyderabad, Kurnool, Raichur and Gulbarga districts. Mahabubnagar town is located at a distance of 96-km from Hyderabad.This place was formerly known as "Rukmammapeta" and "Palamooru". The name was changed to Mahabubnagar on 4th December 1890, in honour of Mir Mahbub Ali Khan Asaf Jah VI, the Nizam of Hyderabad (1869-1911 AD). It has been the headquarters of the district since 1883 AD. The Mahabubnagar region was once known as Cholawadi or the land of the Cholas'. It is said that the famous Golconda diamonds including famous "KOHINOOR" diamond came from Mahabubnagar district. Telangana forms the core of the Satavahana Dynasty (221BC-218 AD), Part of Chalukyan Dynasty in South India (between 5th and 11th century AD) and in the recent history, it formed the core of the Golconda State and Hyderabad State, ruled by Qutub Shahi Dynasty (1520-1687) and Dynasty (Asaf Jahi Dynasty) (1724-1948) until it was taken over by New Delhi in 1948. This region became independent and joined in the democratic India on 18th September 1948. Telangana constitutes 10 districts: Adilabad, Karimnagar, Nizamabad, Medak, Warangal, Khammam, Hyderabad, Rangareddy, Nalgonda, and Mahabubnagar districts.Mahabunagar is southern district of Hyderabad state under Nizam and bordered with River Krishna in the south and surrounded by the Nalgonda, Hyderabad, Kurnool, Raichur and Gulbarga districts. Mahabubnagar town is located at a distance of 96-km from Hyderabad.This place was formerly known as "Rukmammapeta" and "Palamooru". The name was changed to Mahabubnagar on 4th December 1890, in honour of Mir Mahbub Ali Khan Asaf Jah VI, the Nizam of Hyderabad (1869-1911 AD). It has been the headquarters of the district since 1883 AD. The Mahabubnagar region was once known as Cholawadi or the land of the Cholas'. It is said that the famous Golconda diamonds including famous "KOHINOOR" diamond came from Mahabubnagar district. It is very hard to understand the history of Palamoor as this region was always neglected by the rulers. And for most of the time, this region was ruled by very small regional rulers, Samasthans, Jamindars, Doras or land lords. More over, majority of Palamoor people always lived in poverty and slavery and Recording of History was never a priority. Nobody neither knows about their history nor they want to know it. Even today the people of this region struggle all their life for basic needs.History of this region can be understood by the dynasties ruled this region and the historical maps of India below.Asoka's Kingdom - This region was southernmost land in the Asoka's Empire in 250 BC (See the maps).Satavahana Dynasty (221BC-218 AD)Chalukyan Dynasty in South India (between 5th and 11th century AD)Rashtrakutas Dynasty - Ruled for a brief period in 9th CenturyKakatiya Dynasty (1100-1474 AD)Bahamanis Dynasty (1347 - 1518)Qutub Shahi Dynasty (1518-1687)Moghul Rule - Aurangazeb, the Mughal emperor, invaded Golconda in A.D.1687 and annexed it to the Mughal empire. Since then, Golconda became part of the Deccan Subha and a Nizam was appointed as an agent of the Mughal emperor. Thus, for about a period of 35 years it was ruled by the Moghuls, the last one being Mubariz Khan.Nizam Dynasty (Asif Jahi Dynasty) (1724-1948) - This dynasty acquired enormous wealth and lived most extravagant and lavish life for that time. Nizam VII was the richest man on the earth in his time. He was also awarded as "Faithfull Ally of British". Though people suffered, they left behind lot of well known landmarks, rich treasures, art, lavish food style and rich culture.Time line of Telangana Region from 1800 ADSee this region in - Historical Maps of India from 650 BC to 1947 AD

nalgonda


Nalgonda district became part of Andhra Pradesh w.e.f. 1st November, 1956 i.e., after reorganization of states. It was formerly known as Neelagiri (Blue Hill). The district is in the Southern part of the Telangana Region between 16-25' and 17-50' of the Northern Latitude and 78-40' and 80-05' of Eastern longitude covering an area of 14,240 Sq. Kms. The District is bounded by Medak and Warangal districts in the North, Guntur and Mahaboobnagar districts in the South, Khammam and Krishna districts in the East and Mahabubnagar and Rangareddy district in the West.DEMOGRAPHY The Geographical area of the district is 14,217 Sq. Km accounting to 5.18% of the total area of the state of A.P. The total population of the district is 34.5 lakhs and density of population is 242 per Sq. Km as per 2001 census

ranga reddy district


The boundaries of Rangareddy district are Nalgonda district, Mahabubnagar district, Karnataka state and Medak district in the East, South, West and North directions respectively.Rivers : Musi.Major Places : Tandur, Ibrahimpatnam, Chevella, Medchl, Hayatnagar and Vikarabad.Industries : Cement factory at Tandur, Hyderabad Chemicals and Fertilizers at Moula-Ali, Midhani, H.M.T and E.C.I.LTourist Places : Himayatsagar Dam, Osmansagar Dam and Vikarabad.Pilgrimage Centers : Ananthaswamy Temple at AnanthagiripalleThis district is named after the famous freedom fighter and Telanga leader Sri. Ranga Reddy as Rangareddy district. This district was earlier included in the Hyderabad district and later formed as a seperate district in the year 1978.Area occupied by Forest is only 9.6% of the district area. Social forestry is making all its efforts in growing Eucalyptus trees and other plants. Quartz is found in many parts of the district and also Jambala Clays which are used in Bricks, Drainage Pipes Manufacturing.Grapes from this part of the state have acquired International recognition with Anabshahi type. Acharya N.G.Ranga Agricultural University (Angrau) at Rajendranagar has won many credits and recognized as the best university at the National Level. The Students of the research team and the faculty are helping the farmers in choosing the correct crop and the quality seeds for better yield.Medium Scale Industries and Cement Corporation of India's Cement Factories are established at Tandur. Hyderabad Chemicals and Fertilizers at Moula-Ali established in 1942 are to name few. Defense Ministry's MIDHANI - Mishrit Dhathu Nigam, ECIL -The First Computer to be manufactured in India, HMT are the Public Sector firms. Fresh Water reservoir on river Musi at Gandipet called Osman Sagar is the Prime Drinking Water source to the Capital City of Hyderabad. Agriculture University is established at Rajendernagar in this district where research operations for getting more yields are taking place. All the Colleges are affiliated to Osmania University.

adilabad


The district was situated between 77.46' and 80.01' ,of the eastern longitudes and 18.40' and 19.56', of northern latitudes.The district is bounded on north by Yeotmal and Chanda district of Maharastra, on the east by Chanda district, on the south by Karimnagar and Nizamabad districts and on the west by Nanded district of Maharastra State.The district has population of 24,79,347 as per the 2001 census which accounts for 3.13% of the total population of the State. It is however takes the fifth rank in area with an extent of 16128 Sq.kms.,Which account for 5.90% of the total area of the State. It is however,the second largest district in the Telangana consists 1743 villages,11 Towns,5 revenue divisions.The District Comprises of 52 Mandals and 1743 villages of which 1557 villages are inhabited and 186 villages are un-inhabitated. There are 7 Muncipalities in the District. The District is conveniently formed into 5 divisions 1)Adilabad , 2) Nirmal ,3)Utnoor, 4)Asifabad,5)Mancherial.Historical BackgroundThe district derives its name from Adilabad,its headquarters town which was named after the ruler of Bijapur, Ali Adil Shah. The district was for long not a homogenius unit and its component parts were ruled at different periods by nasties namely, the Mauryas,Staavahanas, Vakatakas,Chaludyasof Badami, Rashtrakututs, Chalukyas of Kalyani, Mughals,Bhosle Rajes of Nagpur and Asaf Jahis, besides the Gond Rajas of Sirpur and Chanda.Originally this was not full fledged district but a sub-district named Sirpur-Tandur which was created in A.D. 1872 with Edlabad(Adilabad), Rajura and Sirpur as its consistuents talukas.In 1905 the status of this sub-district was raised to that of an independent district with head quarters at Adilabad.

karimnagar


Karimnagar District forms the part of theTelangana(Northern) a region which finds mention in Hewitts's references in his "Ruling Races of Pre-histric Times",giving an indication that this part of South India was by no means unimportant in the ancient world.The District derived its name 'Karimnagar' by Qiladar late Nizam ,Syed Karim Uddin.
The district lies on the northern part ofAndhra Pradesh approximately between the latitudes 18 deg and 19 deg and longitudes 78 deg. 30 mn and 80 deg 31 min. The district is bounded on the north by Adilabad district,on the west by Medak District,on the North West by Nizamabad on the South by Warangal District and on the East by Godavari River.

chittoor


1. BRIEF HISTORY OF THE DISTRICT
Chittoor district is a part of Rayalaseema and lies in the extreme south of the state approximately between 12�37' ­ - 14�8' north latitudes and 78�3' - 79�55' east longitudes. It is bounded on the north by Anantapur and Cuddapah districts, on' the east by Nellore and Chengai-Anna districts of Tamilnadu, on the south by North Arcot Ambedkar & Dharmapuri district of Tamilnadu and on the west by Kolar District of Karnataka state. The district can be divided into two natural divisions.
The mountainous plateau comprising 31 mandals of Madanapalle division and on the east comprising the mandals of Puttur, Narayanavanam, Vadamalapeta, Kammapalle, Karvetinagar, Vedurukuppam, S.R.,puram, Pala­samudram, Nagari, Nindra, Vijayapuram, Pichatur, Nagalapuram, Satyavedu, Varada­iahpalem, B.N.Kandriga, K.V.B.Puram, Thot­tambedu, Srikalahasti and Yerpedu. Eight mandals viz., Chittoor, G.D.Neliore, Putha­lapattu, Penumuru, Gudipala, Yadamarri, Thavanampalle and Irala, stand almost as dividing line between the two natural divisions of the district. The eastern ghats are predominant in the western region and they gradually bend towards the sacred Sheshachalam hills of Tirupati, passing through Chandragiri erstwhile taluk and entering into Nellore district. The general elevation of the mountains of the district is 2,500 ft above the sea level.
1.2 Rivers:- The rivers flowing in the district are non-perennial in nature and for major part of the year remain dry. The important rivers in the district are Ponnai which is a tributary of river Palar and Swarnamukhi which rises in the Eastern Ghats of the district and finally enters into Nellore district. Other important rivers of the district are the Kusasthali, the Beema, the Bahuda, the Pincha, the Kalyani, the Araniyar and the Pedderu which flow in different mandals of the district. Besides the above rivers, there are a number of small hilly streams flowing in the district.
1.3 Climate and Rainfall:- The climate of the district is dry and healthy. The upland mandals consist of 31 mandals in Madanapalle division and these are comparatively cooler than the eastern mandals except Chittoor where the climate is moderate. The district annual normal Rainfall is 934mms. The district has the benefit of receiving rainfall during both the south-west and north-east monsoon periods and the normal rainfall received during these periods is 438.0 MMs. and 396.0 MMs. respectively. The rainfall received from the south-west monsoons is more copious compared to north-east monsoons in the western mandals and in the central part of the district, whereas the rainfall received from north-east monsoons is comparatively copious in the eastern mandals of the district.
1.4 Soils:- The major portion of the district is covered by red soils with portions of alluvial soil in Chittoor and Bangarupalem erstwhile taluks. The soils in the district constitute redloamy 57%, red sandy 34% and the remaining 9% is covered by black clay black loamy, black sandy and red clay.
1.5 Flora:- The climate, topography and geology have played an important role impressing the flora of the district. The district has hills and plateau and elevation ranges upto 1,318 metres. The floristic compositions in the forests vary from dry mixed deciduous to thorny scrub with occasional patches of dry, evergreen growth. The forests of this region can be broadly classified into the following three principal types.
1. Dry tropical South Indian dry mixed deciduous forests
2. Southern cutch thorn forest groups &
3. Tropical dry evergreen forests
Mesophytic type of flora like Syzygium cumini (Neredu), Pongamia ghaira (Kanuga) and large trees of Terminalia arjuna (Erramaddi and Tellamaddi) are found. Large trees of mango, Phoenix sylvestris(lta) and different types of grass along water courses are also found.
1.6 Fauna :- In the forests of this district at present wild animals like tiger and panther (Panthera pard us) are present in small numbers. Sloth-bear (Melursus-ursinus) is found still in good numbers in all class 1 reserves of the district. Wild dog (Cuonalpinus), wild pig (Suscristatus), porcupine (Hystri indica), hyaena (Hyaena striata), jungle cat (Felis chaus), jackal (Canis aureus), fox (Velpes bengaleusis), wolf (Canis lugus) etc., are the other carnivores present in the district. The commonly found herbivora . present in the district are sam bur (Rusa unicolor), black buck (Antelope cervicapse) , chital (Axis Axis), wild sheep - (Civis cycloceros) , mouse deer (Memina indica), hare (Lapium finidus), rabbit etc. A number of species among birds, exist in this district. Among the birds the birds of large grey babbler (Turdoides malcolmi), the large grey shrike (Lanius excubitor), the king crows, mynas and crows, bee-eaters, hoopoes, swifts, vultures, eagles, kites, owls, sand grouse, quails, partridges, green pigeons, pigeons, peacock etc., are found in this district.

guntur district



GENERAL: Krishna district was one of the oldest British administrated areas of Andhra Pradesh. It was formerly called Masulapatnam district and in 1859 when the ten Guntur district was abolished, certain taluks thereof were added to this district which was renamed as Krishna district, after the mighty river Krishna.
PHYSICAL CHARACTRISTICS:
Latitude
:
15° 43’ N and 17° 10’ N
Longitude
:
80° 0’ and 81° 33’ of E.
AREA
:
8,727 Sq. Kms.
Coastal Line
:
88 Kms.
Boundaries
:
East
:
Bay of Bengal and West Godavari district
West
:
Guntur and Nalgonda districts
North
:
Khammam district
South
:
Bay of Bengal
HILLS: The main hill range of the district known as Kondapalli runs between Nandigama and Vijayawada with a length of about 24 Kms. The other impart hills are Jammalavoidurgam, Mogalrajapuram and Indrakiladri hills. On the Indrakiladri hills at Vijayawada stands the famous temple of Kanakadurga.
RIVERS: The chief rivers of the district are the Krishna (length 1,280 kms) Muniyeru (Muneru), the Tammileru and Budameru. Krishna river debouches in to the Bay of Bengal at Hamsala Divi and Nachugunta in this district. The district contains small hillstreams viz., Jayanthi, Kattaleru, Ippalavagu, Upputeru, Telleru, Ballaleru, Nadimeyeru.
FLORA: The district has no worth mentioning forests. However, it contains Reserved Forest areas in Nandigama, Vijayawada, Tiruvuru, Nuzvid, Gannavaram, Bandar and Divi taluks. A type of lightwood known as ‘PONUKU’ (Gyrocapus Jacquini) is found on the Kondapalli hills. The wood is used for the manufacture of the well known Kondpalli toys. The most noticeable trees are pterocarpus, Terminalia, Anogeissus and Logustroeinai and Casuarina.
FAUNA: In Krishna district the fails also merge at one time tigers and sambar were found on the Medasala Durga – ridge and on the Kondapalli and Jamalavayi hills. But they are very rare now. Panthers, Hyaena, Jungle cat, fox and bear are the carnivorous mammalian fauna represented. Among the herbivorous animal’s deer, spotted deer sambar and blackbuck are sometimes found in the interior inland forests. A migrant gray billed pelican is a protected bird in the Kollair lake boarding the Krishna district. The district possesses a large number of Murrah buffaloes and cows with Murrah stain.
CLIMATE: The climatic conditions of the district are of extreme kind with hot summers and cold winters and may be classified as tropical. The period starting from April to June is the hottest.
RAINFALL: The average normal rainfall is 1028.1 mm.
SOIL: Three types of soils viz.,}
1. Black Cotton (57.6%)2. Sand clay loams (22.3%)3. Red loams (19.4%)
AGRICULTURE: Endowed with a rich variety of soils, the district occupies an important place in Agriculture, which is the most important occupation, and Paddy is the main food crop produced.
LITERACY: Krishna district has recorded a literacy rate of 70.03. The district is well advanced in field of education.
AVAILABLITY OF MINIRAL SOURCES:
Chromite
Kondapalli hills and adjoining areas
Diamonds
Paritala, Ustepalls, Kondavatikallu, Ramannapet, Suryavaram, Kothapet, Nemalipuram, Mugaluru, Putrela etc.
Iron Ore
Jaggayyapet area
Lime Stone
Jaggayyapet area
Mica
Tiruvuru area
Salphur
Kona in Machilipatnam Mandal.

guntur



Andhra Pradesh, located 40 miles (64 km) to the north and west of the Bay of Bengal. It is approximately 1,000 miles (1,600 km) to the south of the capital, New Delhi. The city has an estimated population of 818,330 (514,707 as per 2001 census) with an Urban Agglomeration of approximately 1,028,667. Guntur is one of the larger (tier-2) cities in the country.
Guntur is a centre of learning and the administrative capital of Guntur district, which is home of historically significant Amaravati, Bhattiprolu and Sitanagaram monuments. The city is also a centre for business, industry, and agriculture. The region is identified as a major transportation and textile hub in India. Additionally, the Guntur area economy has an agricultural component that is internationally known for its exports of chillies, cotton, and tobacco.

The Kingdom of Pratipalapura of 500 BCE (Bhattiprolu in Guntur district), appears to be the earliest known kingdom in south India. The earliest recorded reference of Guntur comes from the Idern plates of Ammaraja I (922-929 CE), the Vengi Chalukyan king. Guntur also appears in two other inscriptions dated 1147 CE and 1158 CE. The original Sanskrit (ancient Vedic culture/tradition) name for Guntur was Garthapuri (a place surrounded by water ponds
An old temple at Garthapuri
The 'Agasthyeswara Sivalayam' in the old city is an ancient temple for Lord Siva . It has inscriptions on two stones in 'Naga Lipi' (an ancient script) dating back to about 1100 CE. The backyard of the temple hosts a very historic tree . It is said that Agastya built the temple in the last Treta-Yuga around the Swayambhu Linga and hence it has this name. The 'Nagals' were said to have ruled the region at that time. More recently, the region was under the Nizam's rule (known as jagir of Nawab Salabat Jung till 1788) prior to the colonial period. During colonial rule, Guntur was under the control of the French and then the British, until India's independence. The region has been historically known for Buddhism and the first Kalachakra ceremony performed by Buddha himself
LumbiniVanam
The place of Sitanagaram and the Guthikonda Caves can be traced (through Vedic Puranas) back to the last Treta-Yuga and Dwapara-Yuga (Traditional Time scale: 1.7 to 0.5 million years ago,

warangal


Warangal, once the capital of the Kakatiya Kingdom lying south of the River Godavari, is the fifth largest city in Andhra Pradesh located about 157 kms from Hyderabad. It is an important cultural centre of the Telangana region. The ancient history, beautiful lakes, fine architectural temples, rich fauna and flora have contributed its importance to Warangal as a Tourist Centre.

Saturday, May 23, 2009

kurnool


Kurnool, as a village, has existed for more than 2000 years. Kurnool was a major fort during the reign of the Vijayanagar emperors. Nawab Bunglow, The home of The Late Nawab Alaf khan still stands in all its grandeur on the banks of River Tungabadra. It is now being renovated to its former glory by The surviving members of The Nawab's family residing in U.A.E,Begum Tayyaba Sultana, Arjumand Afshan, Ameen Anjuman and Farzan Naveen and their brothers Nawab Shaji Ul Mulk, Nawab Dr. Shafi ul Mulk and Nawab Amair Ul Mulk. The Bunglow is expected to replicate the former glory of The Kingdom of Kurnool .There is still a grand citadel, Konda Reddy Burj, built by Konda Reddy during The Vijay Nagar Times and which symbolizes the architectural glory the town enjoyed in Vijayanagar times and Nawab,s Era.Aurangazeb last Mogul king to rule India, conquered the Deccan in 1687 and left his governors, the Nizams, to rule Andhra centres of Hyderabad and Kurnool.Both The Nizam of Hyderabad and Nawab of kurnool declared independence and became independent rulers of their territory. Nawab Alaf Khan Bahadur was The First Ruler of Kurnool and the descendants ruled Kurnool for over 200 years. Later in early 18th Century The Kurnol Nawabs merged with The Great Tippu Sultan of Mysore and fought The British Empire. They are glorified in The Indian history as one of the rare Dynasties who chose to fight rather than Surrender to The Mighty British Empire. The family of Kurnool Nawabs split during India Partition and some of them moved to Pakistan.Nawab Dawood Khan moved to Pakistan and Nawab Alaf khan, Nawab Anis Ul Mulk and Nawab Azam Ali Khan stayed back in Kurnool.Prominent members of current generation of this family now live in USA, India, Pakistan and U.A.E.
Late Nawab Dawood Khan sons are Col. Asadulla Khan ( pakistan), Saadulla Khan ( Dubai UAE), Masoor Khan (Pakistan) , Latif Khan and Moin Khan MBA the last two are now live in USA.
Nawab Anis Ul Mulk has two sons they both live in USA Dr. Nawab Shuja Ul Mulk and Eng.Nawab Khurram Khan MBA MPM.
Late Nawab Azam Ali Khan son Nawab Daud Khan currently live at kurnool at Uncha Mahal Fort Kurnool.
Kurnool city lies on the southern banks of the Tungabhadra river. It is the headquarters of the mandal, the revenue division and the district of the same name. It was the capital of Andhra State from 1 October, 1953 to 31 October, 1956.
In pre-historic times, Kurnool formed a part of Dandakaranya forest and Sri Rama and Sri Lakshmana came to this part of the country in search of Sri Sita. The famous Chinese traveller Hieuntsang, on his way to Kanchi, passed through Kurnool.
The name Kurnool is said to have been derived from Kandenavolu Regarding Kandanavolu (a Telugu name by which it is referred to in the inscriptions and literature of the past), there is an interesting legend. According to the legend, in the time of the Western Chalukyas of Badami in the 11 Century A.D., the Vadderas who carted stones of the construction of the temples at Alampur (also known as Dakshina Kasi in Mahaboobnagar District) used the site on which the city now stands as a halting place before crossing the Tungabhadra and greased their cart-wheels with oil, locally supplied by some of the oil mongers and called the place Kandenametta. This circumstance led to the formation of a small settlement on the spot which subsequently came to be known as Kandenapalli, Kandenolu and Kandenavolu, the city of Kandena or grease. It is also interesting to note that the site which was used as a halting place by the Vadderas in those days is still known as Bandla Metta (Bandla means carts; Metta means headquarters or halting place), a street in the Old Kurnool city.
In some of the inscriptions, Kurnool is referred to as Kannadu or Karu Nadu (Karu means black; Nadu means territory). Some scholars argue that Kurnool derived its name from Kallu which means stone and Nadu which means territory.
Kurnool is also said to have been derived from Skandanavolu, the city of Skanda or Kumaraswamy. The worship of Skanda in Andhradesha is very ancient. The cities were also named after Skanda, the chief God of war of the devas.
Kurnool is also referred to as Dakshina Shirdi as the first ever temple of Lord Shri Shirdi Sai Baba was built in Kurnool. This temple was built even before the Shirdi Temple was constructed. This stellar or star-shaped temple is on the banks of the Tungabhadra river.

anantapur


The History of AnantapurAnantapur offers some vivid glimpses of the prehistoric past. It is generally held that the place got its name from 'Anaatasagaram' , a big tank, which means "Endless Ocean". The villages of Anaantasagaram and Bukkarayasamudram were constructed by Chilkkavodeya, the minister of Bukka-I, a Vijayanagar ruler. Some authorities assert that Anaantasagaram was named after Bukka's queen, while some contend that it must have been known after Anantarasa Chikkavodeya himself, as Bukka had no queen by that name.
Anantapur is familiarly known as "Hande Anantapuram" . ' Hande ' means chief of the Vijayanagar period. Anantapur and a few other places were gifted by the Vijayanagar rulers to Hanumappa Naidu of the Hande family.
The place subsequently came under the Qutub Shahis, Mughals, and the Nawabs of Cuddapah, although the Hande chiefs continued to rule as their subordinates. It was occupied by the Palergar of Bellary during the time of Ramappa but was eventually won back by his son, Siddappa. Morari Rao Ghorpade attacked Anantapur in 1757. Though the army resisted for some time, Siddappa ultimately bought off the enemy for Rs.50,000.
It then came into the possession of Hyder Ali and Tipu Sultan. Tipu hanged all the male members of the Siddappa family except Siddappa who escaped from his confinement at Srirangapatnam. After Tipu's death, it was once again taken back by Siddappa. Siddappa submitted himself to Nizam because of the treaty of 1799, who took the total control of the area. He was later pensioned off when British occupied the territory.

kadapa


Cuddapah is considered to be one of the district endowed with rich history. Though its history goes back to second century B C, primarily it starts with Mourya & Satavahana dynasty as per the Archeological survey evidences. It was the battle field for several dynasties - Pallava, Chalukya, Cholas who waged wars for getting authority over South India.
The Pallava kings penetrated from a time into the North of Cuddapah district and ruled for a certain period during the 5th century. Later on the Cholas defeated the Pallavas and their rule appears to have lasted till the later part of the 8th century. Subsequently the next dynasty which established its authority for a considerable period to be that of Banas
With the retreat of the Banas, Cuddapah came under the sway of a dynasty of kings called the Rastrakutas. King Indra III (915 A.D.) a later king Krishna III were the popular rulers. With the death of king Krishna III, the power and influence of this dynasty declined. The Telugu Cholas who were feudatories of Chola dynasty ruled entire Cuddapah District and their power seems to have suffered a temporary eclipse due to the aggression of Pandas but soon, the Cholas kingdom firmly established once again in the district during the first half of the 13th century.
In the latter half of 13th century, the district fallen in to the hands of Ambadeva who had temporarily usurped the Kakatiya crown and ruled from Vallur, 15 Kms. from Cuddapah and during his time the land survey carried out and a river channel was constructed at Lebaka. Subsequently Kakatiya King Prataparudra succeeded the throne after death of Ambadeva and ruled the district with Warrangal as the Capital during the opening of 14th century.
But in A.D.1309, came the invasion of the Deccan by Muslims during the reign of Khilji emperor Alla Uddin and Pratapa Rudra was defeated and he was carried as a prisoner to Delhi and hence Warrangal, the capital came into the hands of Alla-ud-din.
In A.D.1336 the Vijayanagar Kingdom was found by Hari Hara and Bukka. During A.D.1344 a Hindu confederation of Warrangal, Krishna Vijaya NagaramRaja and the Hoysala King of Mysore, with an immense force drove the Muslims out of Warrangal and rolled back the tide of their advance. This is the out come establishment of Vijayanagar empire and during the two centuries of its ascendancy.
In the battle of Talikota, the Hindus and Muslims with forces of almost fabulous strength, contested for the supremacy over Deccan and with the result the Hindus were totally defeated and the Deccan fallen into the hands of King of Golkonda.
In the year 1740 the Marathas invaded and defeated the Nawab of Kurnool and Cuddapah. Hyder Ali obtained the possession of Gurramkonda and Cuddapah from the hands of Marathas and appointed his brother-in-law Mir Saheb in Cuddapah district. Hence Mir Saheb and his son Kamaluddin were the first rulers of the district. The district later fell in to the Nizam by the treaties of Mysore and Srirangapatnam.
Later on this area was ceded to the British by the Nizam. Cuddapah tasted the lawlessness of the 'palegars'. Finally Major Munro, the first District Collector took over the reins of administration. He gave peace to the people of this region.
Shaik Peer Shah took prominent part in the first war of Independence in 1857. During the subsequent decades, people followed the leaders of the freedom movement and rejoiced with the rest of the people when India became free in 1947.

Tuesday, May 12, 2009

east godavari


The East Godavari District is located in the North Coastal part of the state of Andhra Pradesh. The District boundaries are Visakhapatnam, West Godavari, Khammam Districts and Bay of Bengal.

The District is known as rice bowl of Andhra Pradesh with lush paddy fields and coconut groves. It is also known as another Kerala. East Godavari, it is the Rice Granary of Andhra Pradesh, beckons tourists to have a glimpse of its rich cultural heritage. Where the lush paddy fields swaying in the breeze appear to dance in a celebration to life.

It is where soulful bhajans and holy shlokas herald the dawn. Where the chirping birds and gurgling streams invite you to the beautiful lakes and wild life sanctuaries. The East Godavari district is having the area of 10,807 Sq Kms with 5 Revenue divisions, 60 Revenue mandals and 1011 Grama panchayats with a population of 48,72,622 as per 2001 provisional census figures. The District Head Quarters, Kakinada is famous for a sweet called Kotaiah’s KAJA.

chittoor

1. BRIEF HISTORY OF THE DISTRICT

Chittoor district is a part of Rayalaseema and lies in the extreme south of the state approximately between 12�37' ­ - 14�8' north latitudes and 78�3' - 79�55' east longitudes. It is bounded on the north by Anantapur and Cuddapah districts, on' the east by Nellore and Chengai-Anna districts of Tamilnadu, on the south by North Arcot Ambedkar & Dharmapuri district of Tamilnadu and on the west by Kolar District of Karnataka state. The district can be divided into two natural divisions.

The mountainous plateau comprising 31 mandals of Madanapalle division and on the east comprising the mandals of Puttur, Narayanavanam, Vadamalapeta, Kammapalle, Karvetinagar, Vedurukuppam, S.R.,puram, Pala­samudram, Nagari, Nindra, Vijayapuram, Pichatur, Nagalapuram, Satyavedu, Varada­iahpalem, B.N.Kandriga, K.V.B.Puram, Thot­tambedu, Srikalahasti and Yerpedu. Eight mandals viz., Chittoor, G.D.Neliore, Putha­lapattu, Penumuru, Gudipala, Yadamarri, Thavanampalle and Irala, stand almost as dividing line between the two natural divisions of the district. The eastern ghats are predominant in the western region and they gradually bend towards the sacred Sheshachalam hills of Tirupati, passing through Chandragiri erstwhile taluk and entering into Nellore district. The general elevation of the mountains of the district is 2,500 ft above the sea level.

1.2 Rivers:- The rivers flowing in the district are non-perennial in nature and for major part of the year remain dry. The important rivers in the district are Ponnai which is a tributary of river Palar and Swarnamukhi which rises in the Eastern Ghats of the district and finally enters into Nellore district. Other important rivers of the district are the Kusasthali, the Beema, the Bahuda, the Pincha, the Kalyani, the Araniyar and the Pedderu which flow in different mandals of the district. Besides the above rivers, there are a number of small hilly streams flowing in the district.

1.3 Climate and Rainfall:- The climate of the district is dry and healthy. The upland mandals consist of 31 mandals in Madanapalle division and these are comparatively cooler than the eastern mandals except Chittoor where the climate is moderate. The district annual normal Rainfall is 934mms. The district has the benefit of receiving rainfall during both the south-west and north-east monsoon periods and the normal rainfall received during these periods is 438.0 MMs. and 396.0 MMs. respectively. The rainfall received from the south-west monsoons is more copious compared to north-east monsoons in the western mandals and in the central part of the district, whereas the rainfall received from north-east monsoons is comparatively copious in the eastern mandals of the district.

1.4 Soils:- The major portion of the district is covered by red soils with portions of alluvial soil in Chittoor and Bangarupalem erstwhile taluks. The soils in the district constitute redloamy 57%, red sandy 34% and the remaining 9% is covered by black clay black loamy, black sandy and red clay.

1.5 Flora:- The climate, topography and geology have played an important role impressing the flora of the district. The district has hills and plateau and elevation ranges upto 1,318 metres. The floristic compositions in the forests vary from dry mixed deciduous to thorny scrub with occasional patches of dry, evergreen growth. The forests of this region can be broadly classified into the following three principal types.

1. Dry tropical South Indian dry mixed deciduous forests

2. Southern cutch thorn forest groups &

3. Tropical dry evergreen forests

Mesophytic type of flora like Syzygium cumini (Neredu), Pongamia ghaira (Kanuga) and large trees of Terminalia arjuna (Erramaddi and Tellamaddi) are found. Large trees of mango, Phoenix sylvestris(lta) and different types of grass along water courses are also found.

1.6 Fauna :- In the forests of this district at present wild animals like tiger and panther (Panthera pard us) are present in small numbers. Sloth-bear (Melursus-ursinus) is found still in good numbers in all class 1 reserves of the district. Wild dog (Cuonalpinus), wild pig (Suscristatus), porcupine (Hystri indica), hyaena (Hyaena striata), jungle cat (Felis chaus), jackal (Canis aureus), fox (Velpes bengaleusis), wolf (Canis lugus) etc., are the other carnivores present in the district. The commonly found herbivora . present in the district are sam bur (Rusa unicolor), black buck (Antelope cervicapse) , chital (Axis Axis), wild sheep - (Civis cycloceros) , mouse deer (Memina indica), hare (Lapium finidus), rabbit etc. A number of species among birds, exist in this district. Among the birds the birds of large grey babbler (Turdoides malcolmi), the large grey shrike (Lanius excubitor), the king crows, mynas and crows, bee-eaters, hoopoes, swifts, vultures, eagles, kites, owls, sand grouse, quails, partridges, green pigeons, pigeons, peacock etc., are found in this district.

nagarjunasagar


Nagarjunasagar, a massive irrigation project on the River Krishna, about 150 Km from Hyderabad, has a rich and interesting past. It was a valley in the Nallamala range of the Eastern Ghats with civilizations dating back to thousand of years. recorded history, however, assigns the first signs to the later Satavahanas and subsequently the Ilkshvakus in the third century.

The Sriparvata and Vijaypuri of yore were really temples where the famous savant and Bhuddist disciple Archarya Nagarjuna preached the message of the Buddha.

The historic location takes its name from the Buddhist saint and scholar Acharya Nagarjuna who is said to have set up a centre of learning here. Today, Nagarjuna Sagar is home to Nagarjuna Sagar Dam - the world's tallest masonry dam that irrigates over 10 lakh acres of land.

It was during the building of the dam that the ruins of an ancient Buddhist civilisation were excavated here. Some of the relics unearthed have been carefully preserved on a picturesque island called Nagarjuna Konda, located in the centre of a man-made lake. The vestiges of a sacred Buddhist
stupa, vihara, monastries, a university and a sacrificial altar have been carefully reconstructed at Anupu on the east bank of the reservoir




Anupa: To prevent submersion of the outstanding structures in the valley, a rare feat of reconstruction of the remains was taken up. Anupu, 4 Km from the dam site, was chosen for relocation of a Bhuddist University.


Nagaujunakonda: As the area was threatened with submergence by the reservoir, an Archaeological Survey team made determined efforts to virtually transplant nine monuments from the valley onto Nagarjunakonda.

The hill forms an island in the middle of the reservoir. A museum at Nagarjunakonda contains Buddhadatu or Buddist relics to virtually transplant nine monuments from the valley onto Nagarjunakonda.

Tiger sanctuary: the largest wildlife sanctuary in Andhra Pradesh lies between Nagarjunasagar and upstream Srisailam. Spread over 3,500 sq.kms, it encompasses thickly wooded hills in five districts- Nalgonda, Kurnool, Mahboobnagar, Guntur and Prakasam.

visakhapatnam

Visakhapatnam is a land of many surprises. Come and discover the history behind this Jewel on the East Coast. Visakhapatnam has witnessed the reigns of various kingdoms - Asoka, Pallavas, Cholas and Gangas. Today you can see the Country’s largest ship building yard, with a natural harbour and beach, stretching endlessly against a backdrop of low hills, and dotted with secluded covers and creeks.

Visakhapatnam became popularly known as Vizag. It is no exaggeration to say that no other place in AP is as blessed with such scenic surroundings as Visakhapatnam. It has Monuments, scenic landscapes, fine accessible sand beaches and thickly wooded hills. It is the only place on the east coast where the hills (Eastern Ghats) and the sea meet.

With the picturesque beaches the 25 km long stretch Bheemili - Vizag coastal road, is all along the direct access to the sea with breathtaking beauty of blue waters caressing the golden sands at different points along the length of the coast, thrilling the fun-loving holiday makers. It is a heaven with long stretches of beaches with sunshine to bask carefree and places to explore on foot. Visakhapatnam and its environs present a soul-stirring panorama of golden beaches, lush green vegetation and splendid monuments from a rich historical heritage. For the fun seekers, Visakhapatnam is a heaven of long stretches of beaches with sunshine to bask carefree and places to explore on foot.

The Araku-Paderu agency track offers excellent places for trekking, bird watching, camping and adventure in the wilds. Tourists can also make a visit to the million year old Borra Caves and to Araku the only hill station of AP and Similiguda the highest broad gauge railway station in India. The Eastern Ghats offer excellent places for trekking, bird watching, camping and adventure in the wilds. In one word we can say Vizag and Tourism are made for each other. Visakhapatnam is the Hub for Industries, IT and Tourism.

andhrapradesh


Centuries ago, Andhra Pradesh was a major Buddhist centre and part of Emperor Ashoka's sprawling kingdom. Not surprisingly, traces of early Buddhist influence are still visible in several places in and around the state. After the death of Emperor Ashoka, several dynasties from the Ikshvakus, Pallavas, Chalukyas, Kakatiyas, Vijayanagaram kings, Qutb Shahis, Mughals and the Asaf Jahi's, ruled this princely city.

The history of Andhra Pradesh dates back to the epic era of the Ramayana and the Mahabharatha. But the documented history points to 236 BC, when Satavahana established a kingdom and a dynasty around the modern Hyderabad. During the reign of 450 years, Buddhism flourished in the kingdom. The rulers were followers of Brahmanism, but the women folk practiced Buddism. It was during this period that Buddhism spread from these shores to China, The far East and to Sri Lanka. The Ikshvakus succeeded the Satavahanas and ruled the kingdom for 57 years. The Pallavas annexed the area South of River Krishna and ruled till the end of 6th century.

Then came the dynasties of Chalukyas and the Kakatiyas. The Kakatiyas established themselves as rulers of a Telugu speaking people. The glorious reign of the Kakatiyas came to end in the 14th century and for the first time Telugus came under a Muslim regime that brought with it a totally different set of customs, language and religion.

The Delhi Sultanate came in power in 1347 AD, governed by Allahuddin Hasan, claiming lineage to Bahman Shah of Persia, revolted against the Delhi Sultanate and declared himself ruler of the southern part of the territory, comprising mainly the Deccan and Telangana area.

It was somewhere around this time that the Qutub Shahi dynasty came into being when Sultan Quli, the Bahmani governor of Telangana, became independent and extend the new kingdom of Golconda right upto Machlipatnam on the east coast. Given the title of Quli-ul-Mulk by the Bahmanis, Qutub Shah, a descendant of a royal family of Hamdan in Persia, took over the reins and ruled till 1548.

Aurangazeb last Mogul king to rule India, conquered the Deccan in 1687 and left his governors, the Nizams, to rule Andhra. The British and French took over from the Nizams. Andhra became a part of Indian Union in 1947. The present state was formed in 1953, merging a part of the then Madras State (present Tamil Naidu) and the princely state of Hyderabad.

hyderabad

The eternal city of love, art, and history, flourishing together in perfect harmony making it one of the most enchanting places in the world. Hyderabad's warm hospitality, impressive monuments, mosques, minarets, art and architectural richness, and technological progress will take you through an amazing journey of its glorious past and a spirited voyage into its promising future.

Experience a unique blend of the old dominion and rustic charm within the trappings of new age modernity.

warangal


Warangal, once the capital of the Kakatiya Kingdom lying south of the River Godavari, is the fifth largest city in Andhra Pradesh located about 157 kms from Hyderabad. It is an important cultural centre of the Telangana region. The ancient history, beautiful lakes, fine architectural temples, rich fauna and flora have contributed its importance to Warangal as a Tourist Centre.